The mouth manual

The disease is not contagious at this stage. The yeast Candida albicans is a normal resident of the mouth. However, it can overgrow in people who have taken antibiotics or corticosteroids or who have a weak immune system, such as people with AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus HIV infection is a viral infection that progressively destroys certain white blood cells and can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS.

HIV is transmitted Candida can cause whitish, cheese-like patches that destroy the top layer of the lining of the mouth thrush when wiped off. Sometimes only flat, red areas appear. Any type of damage or injury to the mouth, for instance, when the inside of the cheek is accidentally bitten or scraped by broken or jagged teeth or poor-fitting dentures, can cause blisters vesicles or bullae or ulcers to form in the mouth.

Typically, the surface of a blister breaks down quickly ruptures , forming an ulcer. Many foods and chemicals can be irritating or trigger a type of allergic reaction, causing mouth sores.

Acidic foods, cinnamon flavoring, or astringents may be particularly irritating, as can certain ingredients in common substances such as toothpaste, mouthwash, candy, and gum. Tobacco use can cause mouth sores. The sores most likely result from exposure to the irritants, toxins, and carcinogens found naturally in tobacco products but may also result from the drying effects on the lining of the mouth, the high temperatures in the mouth, changes to the acidity of the mouth, or decreased resistance to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections.

The most common drugs causing mouth sores include certain cancer chemotherapy drugs. Drugs containing gold, which were once used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and some other autoimmune disorders, can also cause mouth sores, but these drugs are rarely used because safer and more effective drugs are now available.

Radiation therapy is also a common cause of mouth sores. Rarely, people may develop mouth sores after taking antibiotics. Many diseases affect the mouth along with other parts of the body. The joints, nervous system, and digestive tract See also Introduction Some people with inflammatory bowel disease Overview of Inflammatory Bowel Disease IBD In inflammatory bowel diseases, the intestine bowel becomes inflamed, often causing recurring abdominal pain and diarrhea.

The two primary types of inflammatory bowel disease IBD are Crohn People with severe celiac disease Celiac Disease Celiac disease is a hereditary intolerance to gluten a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye that causes characteristic changes in the lining of the small intestine, resulting in malabsorption Lichen planus Lichen Planus Lichen planus, a recurring itchy disease, starts as a rash of small, separate, red or purple bumps that then combine and become rough, scaly patches.

The cause may be a reaction to certain drugs Pemphigus vulgaris Pemphigus Vulgaris Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare, severe autoimmune disorder in which blisters of varying sizes break out on the skin and on the lining of the mouth and other mucous membranes. Pemphigus vulgaris Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune disorder that occurs when the immune system attacks the skin and causes blistering Not all mouth sores require immediate evaluation by a doctor.

In people with mouth sores, certain symptoms and characteristics are cause for concern for systemic disorders. They include.

People who have warning signs should see a doctor right away. This condition can cause discomfort, interfere with speech and swallowing, make wearing dentures difficult, cause bad breath halitosis The gums may get thinner and begin to recede.

Dry mouth and receding gums increase the likelihood of cavities. Some experts also believe that dry mouth may make the lining of the esophagus more susceptible to injury.

Despite dry mouth and receding gums, many older people retain their teeth, especially people who do not develop cavities or periodontal disease. Older people who lose some or all of their teeth will likely need partial or full dentures Dental Appliances Teeth may be lost to a number of disorders including cavities, periodontal disease, or injury or may be removed when treatment fails. Missing teeth may cause cosmetic and speech problems and Periodontal disease Periodontitis Periodontitis is a severe form of gingivitis, in which the inflammation of the gums extends to the supporting structures of the tooth.

Periodontal disease is a destructive disease of the gums and supporting structures caused by the long-term accumulation of bacteria. It is more likely to occur in people with poor oral hygiene, in people who smoke, and in people with certain disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, poor nutrition, leukemia, or AIDS.

Though rare, dental infections caused by bacteria can also lead to pockets of pus abscesses in the brain Abscess of the Brain A brain abscess is a pocket of pus in the brain. An abscess may form in the brain when bacteria from an infection elsewhere in the head or in the bloodstream or from a wound enter the brain Cavernous sinus thrombosis is usually Infective endocarditis occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream and travel The author uses current and evident examples to describe each point that he makes, such as the Croc phenomenon as an example of Pure WoM, or the iPhone buzz and the Geico commercials talked about at water coolers around America!

He gives an account of his flourishing WoM business, BzzAgent. He uses a lot of humor, keeping the reader smiling and engrossed. The book does not seem to have been geared towards marketing experts; the terminology is accessible to everyone, whether you have ever taken a business class or not! Sep 22, Melissa rated it liked it. It's notable that this book is available for free download online.

I enjoyed Dave's casual but focused writing style, and found myself thinking immediately about the applications of his ideas on word-of-mouth marketing to my own non-profit marketing job. Jul 13, Angela rated it liked it. It is a very good way at describing how many manufacturers have used word of mouth in many different ways. It is a pretty good and easy read, but since I am a bzzagent, I do the word of mouth.

Jun 23, Rasa rated it really liked it Shelves: read If you're in the sales and marketing field, studying sales and marketing or are just interested in the subject, this is a pretty good, quick read.

An excellent supplement to The Tipping Point. Rachael rated it really liked it Jun 25, Laura rated it really liked it Jun 25, Megan Elizabeth rated it really liked it Jan 03, Pyang rated it it was amazing Jan 18, Lucie P rated it it was ok Jun 02, Bruno rated it liked it Aug 18, Bogdana rated it it was ok Nov 08, Mark Polino rated it liked it May 08, Will Boncher rated it liked it Feb 02, Samantha rated it really liked it Jul 09, Lukasz Czyzykowski rated it liked it Dec 22, The mouth is the entrance to both the digestive and the respiratory systems.

The inside of the mouth is lined with mucous membranes. When healthy, the lining of the mouth oral mucosa ranges in color from reddish pink to gradations of brown or black. The oral mucosa tends to be darker in dark-skinned individuals because their melanocytes cells that produce melanin, a pigment that gives hair, skin, and eyes their color are more active.

The gums gingivae are usually paler by comparison and fit snugly around the teeth. The palate, which is the roof of the mouth, is divided into two parts. The front part has ridges and is hard hard palate. The back part is relatively smooth and soft soft palate. The moist mucous membranes lining the mouth continue outside, forming the pink and shiny portion of the lips, which meets the skin of the face at the vermilion border. The lip mucosa, although moistened by saliva, is prone to drying.

The uvula is a narrow muscular structure that hangs at the back of the mouth and can be seen when a person says "Ahh. Normally, the uvula hangs vertically.